1261

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Hagia Sofia in Constantinople. The city was captured by the Empire of Nicaea on July 25, 1261, thus re-establishing the Byzantine Empire.

[edit] Events

• January - Pope bans the movement of Flagellants.
• July 25 - The city of Constantinople is recaptured by Nicaean forces under the command of Alexios Strategopoulos, thus re-establishing the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines also succeed in capturing Thessalonica and the rest of the Latin Empire.
• 15 August - Michael VIII Palaeologus is crowned Byzantine emperor in Constantinople.
• August 29 - Pope Urban IV succeeds Pope Alexander III as the 182nd pope. He was the last man to do so without being a Cardinal first.
• The population of Greenland accepts the overlordship of the King of Norway.
• The Japanese Bun'ō era ends, and the Kōchō era begins.
• The Convent of Wurmsbach is established in Switzerland.
• Baibars establishes a puppet Caliphate in Cairo.
• Bela IV of Hungary repels a Tatar invasion.
• The Mongol Khagan, Kublai Khan, releases seventy-five Song Dynasty Chinese merchants from captivity after they had been captured along the border of the Mongol Empire and the Chinese Southern Song Dynasty. This was an act to increase his reputation amongst the Chinese, shore up his legitimacy as a just ruler, and to gain more defectors from the Southern Song Dynasty.

[edit] Births

• February 1 - Walter de Stapledon, English bishop (died 1326)
• October 9 - King Denis of Portugal (died 1325)
• Daniel of Moscow, son of Alexander Nevsky

[edit] Deaths

• February 28 - Henry III
• May 25 - Pope Alexander IV
• September 18 - Konrad von Hochstaden, Archbishop of Cologne
• Plaisance of Antioch, regent
• Qin Jiushao, Chinese mathematician of the Song Dynasty (born 1202)