| Central Coast | |||||||||||||
 Tuggerah Lake as viewed from Craigie Park in Kanwal. The Entrance is also visible in the distant background. | |||||||||||||
| Population: | 312184 [1] (9th) | ||||||||||||
| • Density: | 175.7/km² (455.1/sq mi) | ||||||||||||
| Established: | 2005 | ||||||||||||
| Postcode: | 2250, 2251, 2253, 2256, 2257, 2258, 2259, 2260, 2261, 2262, 2263, 2775 | ||||||||||||
| Coordinates: | Coordinates: | ||||||||||||
| Area: | 1767 km² (682.2 sq mi) | ||||||||||||
| Time zone:
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AEST (UTC+10)
AEDT (UTC+11) | ||||||||||||
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The Central Coast is an Australian peri-urban region in New South Wales, located on the coast north of Sydney and south of Lake Macquarie.
The Central Coast has an approximate population of 321,500, growing at 1% p.a.[2] making it the third largest urban area in New South Wales and the ninth largest urban area in Australia. Geographically, the Central Coast is generally considered to include the region bounded by the Hawkesbury River in the south, the Watagan Mountains in the west and the southern end of Lake Macquarie in the north.[3]
Politically, it is administered as two local government areas: City of Gosford and Wyong Shire. In September 2006, the New South Wales Government released a revised long term plan for the region that sees the Central Coast classified as a regional city, along with Wollongong and the Hunter Region. Subsequently a new junior Ministerial post was created in State Parliament. As of May 2014 the Minister for the Central Coast is Robert Stokes MP, Member for Pittwater.[4]
History[]
The region has been inhabited for thousands of years by Aboriginal people. The local Guringai and Darkinjung people were some of the first Aboriginal people to come in contact with British settlers. An Aboriginal man from the region named Bungaree became one of the most prominent people of the early settlement of New South Wales. He was one of the first Aboriginal people to learn English and befriended the early governors Phillip, King and Macquarie.[5] Macquarie later declared Bungaree "The King of the Broken Bay Tribes". Post settlement disease and disruption greatly reduced the numbers of Aboriginal people.
In 1811, the Governor of New South Wales, Lachlan Macquarie, gave the first land grant in the region to William Nash, a former marine of the First Fleet. No further grants were made in the area until 1821.[6]
Geography[]
The region is a network of towns that have been linked in recent years by expanding suburban development. The main urban cluster of the region surrounds the northern shore of Brisbane Water and includes the Coast's largest population centre, Gosford, stretching east to the retail centre of Erina. Other major commercial "centres" on the Coast are Wyong, Tuggerah, Lakehaven, The Entrance, Terrigal, and Woy Woy. Large numbers of people who live in the southern part of the region commute daily to work in Sydney. The Central Coast is also a popular tourist destination and a popular area for retirement. The Central Coast has significant employment including services, tourism, manufacturing, finance, building, retail and industrial. As a result, the cultural identity of the region is distinct from that of the large and diverse metropolis of Sydney as well as from the Hunter region with its mining, heavy industry and port. On 2 December 2005, the Central Coast was officially recognised as a stand alone region rather than an extension of Sydney or the Hunter Valley.[7]
Climate[]
The Central Coast has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfa), with warm summers and mild winters. Rainfall is spread fairly evenly throughout the year, but is slightly more frequent during Autumn.
| Climate data for Norah Head, New South Wales | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 25.8 (78.4) |
25.9 (78.6) |
24.8 (76.6) |
22.8 (73.0) |
20.0 (68.0) |
18.0 (64.4) |
17.2 (63.0) |
18.8 (65.8) |
20.9 (69.6) |
22.4 (72.3) |
23.5 (74.3) |
24.7 (76.5) |
22.1 (71.8) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 19.6 (67.3) |
20.0 (68.0) |
18.7 (65.7) |
15.8 (60.4) |
13.0 (55.4) |
10.9 (51.6) |
9.7 (49.5) |
10.5 (50.9) |
12.8 (55.0) |
14.7 (58.5) |
16.7 (62.1) |
18.3 (64.9) |
15.1 (59.2) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 78.5 (3.091) |
108.9 (4.287) |
105.8 (4.165) |
127.1 (5.004) |
153.1 (6.028) |
144.3 (5.681) |
94.3 (3.713) |
66.6 (2.622) |
64.6 (2.543) |
52.8 (2.079) |
100.5 (3.957) |
65.5 (2.579) |
1,162.8 (45.78) |
| Source: [8] | |||||||||||||
Population[]
The Australian Bureau of Statistics once considered the Central Coast to be part of the Sydney Statistical Division. However, after its regional statistical reforms it now identifies the Central Coast as its own Statistical Region Level 4. At the 2011 census the population of this region was 312,284.[9] The male population was 150,702 and the female population 161,482 and the median age 41.
Education[]
The Central Coast has a campus of the University of Newcastle located at Ourimbah. There are three campuses of the Hunter Institute of TAFE located at Gosford, Wyong and Ourimbah. The Central Coast has a large number of primary and secondary school institutions.
Culture[]
Media[]
- Television
The Central Coast has three broadcast translators across the region, located at Bouddi (between Killcare & MacMasters Beach), Gosford and Wyong (Forresters Beach). Due to the Central Coast being split between the Sydney (metro) and Northern NSW (regional) licence areas, these translators carry stations from both areas.
In total eight television stations service the Central Coast:
- ABC New South Wales (ABN)
- SBS New South Wales (SBS)
- Seven Sydney (ATN)
- Nine Sydney (TCN)
- Ten Sydney (TEN)
- Prime Northern NSW (NEN) - Seven Network affiliate
- NBN Television Northern NSW (NBN) - Nine Network affiliate - Only available from Wyong translator
- Southern Cross Ten Northern NSW (NRN) - Network Ten affiliate - Only available from Lake Macquarie translator
Each station broadcasts a primary channel and several multichannels. Subscription television service Foxtel is also available via satellite.
- Radio
The Central Coast has a rich array of local radio stations. The three large commercial stations are 107.7 2GO, Star 104.5, 101.3 SeaFM, all being part of syndicated national networks. The ABC has an outreach station on 92.5 FM that operates a locally produced mid-day show from 11am to 3pm weekdays, outside this it broadcasts Sydney programming from ABC 702 AM. The community radio station CoastFM 96.3 has a considerable following as does Radio Five-O-Plus 93.3. A 24-hour Country music station TodayCountry94one is based in Gosford and broadcasts online and in syndication across the country. It also has a Christian radio station rheema fm on 94.9fm. In most locations on the Central Coast, Sydney and Newcastle radio stations can be received at reasonable levels particularly on the AM band.
The Central Coast is not serviced by its own daily newspaper and is usually given fleeting attention from the Sydney and Newcastle dailies. The major publication of the region is the twice weekly Central Coast Express Advocate, published by News Limited's News Local. It is distributed free of charge on Wednesdays and Fridays in the style of suburban free newspapers. A series of free local fortnightly papers have grown in popularity over time. The Peninsula News services the southern part of the region centred around the Woy Woy area. The Gosford Community News services the Central Gosford region and the Wyong Chronicle services the northern part of the region. The regional sporting paper Grandstand services the entire region. All are published by a local independent publishing house, bucking the trend in declining newspaper sales. In addition a popular monthly business publication Central Coast Business Review has been sold and published for over 20 years.
Theatre[]
The area has two operating theatres. Laycock Street Theatre, located in North Gosford, has a proscenium arch configuration and seats 392 patrons. The venue also contains a multi-purpose space suitable for conferences, board meetings, annual general meetings, cabaret and small musical acts. The resident amateur theatre group, the Gosford Musical Society, currently contribute 5 shows a year. Peninsula Theatre is positioned in Woy Woy just south of Gosford. The theatre's configuration is a somewhat unusual 124 seat amphitheatre. The resident amateur theatre group is the Woy Woy Little Theatre Company, currently supplying a season of 4 shows per year. Both theatres are operated by Gosford City Council.[10] In addition to these, the Wyong Shire Cultural Centre will soon replace the current Wyong Memorial Hall which is used mainly by Wyong Musical Theatre Company and Wyong Drama Group.
Sport[]
Central Coast Stadium in Gosford, New South Wales, is the current home of the Central Coast Mariners.
In addition to local sporting leagues, the Central Coast is attempting to become a national sporting force with several teams competing in national leagues. The most notable of these is the Central Coast Mariners who play soccer / Association Football and compete in the A-League. The Mariners, the region's most popular team, are the reigning A-League champions from the 2012/13 season. They were grand-finalists in the first A-League 2005-06 season, in the A-League 2007-08 season[11] The Mariners play out of Central Coast Stadium at Gosford and in the A-League 2010-11 season were top of table Premiers. Central Coast Stadium is the largest stadium on the Central Coast with a capacity of 20,059. As well as hosting all the Mariners home games, several National Rugby League (NRL) and Super Rugby games have been held there.
The Central Coast Rhinos played in the Australian Ice Hockey League from 2005-2008 and the Australian International Ice Hockey Cup from 2009-2012. They play out of Erina Ice Arena at Erina Fair, which is the Central Coast's only ice rink. The Rhinos finished 8th in 2005, 7th in 2006 and 6th in the 2007 AIHL season.[12]
The Central Coast 'Oxygen' Crusaders are the elite senior basketball program of the Central Coast region incorporating the Gosford City Rebels and The Entrance Lakers junior associations with their successful junior representative programs acting as the breeding grounds and feeder programs of the Crusaders' senior teams. Their home 'national class' basketball stadium is located in Terrigal.
Several attempts have been made to have teams enter other national competitions. The most notable of these was the attempt to enter the Central Coast Bears as the 16th team into the NRL.[13] This attempt was financed by a consortium led by John Singleton, but the Gold Coast Titans were ultimately successful. The Northern Eagles, a merger of NRL clubs Manly-Warringah and North Sydney began their tenure playing half of their games at Gosford, however within three years the team was solely playing back at Brookvale. South Sydney were also unsuccessfully approached to play out of Gosford, despite the few games that are played on the Central Coast attracting large crowds.[14] The Central Coast Storm rugby league team play in a number of NSWRL lower grade competitions, and the Central Coast Waves rugby union team plays in the Shute Shield. The Central Coast Rays rugby union club who competed in the ill-fated Australian Rugby Championship's only season late in 2007, called Central Coast Stadium home.
The Central Coast has numerous sporting ovals, golf courses, skate parks, tennis courts and swimming pools that are open to the public. Attempts are underway to build a series of bicycle paths. A velodrome is also open to the public at West Gosford. National parks on the Central Coast have a large range of walking paths and mountain bike trails. Water sports like sailing, rowing and water skiing are popular activities on the Central Coast lakes. Attempts are being made to attract pro golf tournaments to Magenta Shores (a new resort north of The Entrance). In 2011, the frigate HMAS Adelaide was scuttled off Avoca Beach as an artificial reef, and has become a popular scuba diving attraction.[15]
Infrastructure[]
Health[]
The Central Coast has two large public hospitals with Emergency departments. Gosford Hospital is the largest with 460 beds, Wyong Hospital is located at Kanwal and has 274 beds. Additionally, there is a small public hospital in Woy Woy and a Health Care Centre at Long Jetty.[16] The largest private hospital on the Central Coast is Gosford Private Hospital located at North Gosford. Brisbane Waters Private in Woy Woy and Berkeley Vale Private are also major healthcare providers. The region has 21 aged care facilities. The Ambulance Service of NSW has seven ambulance stations on the Central Coast located at Bateau Bay, Doyalson, Ettalong, Point Clare, Terrigal, Toukley and Wyong.[17]
Transport[]
The Central Coast is serviced by an extensive and burgeoning road system. A combination of bus and rail provide limited public transport options for locals. The region also has a number of taxis operated by Central Coast Taxis. Transport has been a constant issue for the region and has been cited as high a priority over the last 20 years in regional plans and priorities by local, state and federal government agencies, with incremental investments largely in road infrastructure.
Road[]
- Sydney Newcastle Freeway
The main access to the Central Coast by road is by the 127 kilometres (79 mi) Sydney-Newcastle Freeway that carries the designation National Highway 1, known to most as the F3 Freeway. From January 2013 it is officially part of the M1 Pacific Motorway.[18] The freeway provides the most important road link between Sydney, the Central Coast, Newcastle and the Hunter Region.[19] Since December 2009 the F3 freeway is three lanes in each direction for 43 kilometres between Wahroonga and the Kariong Interchange.[20] There is a small 8 kilometre section from the Kariong interchange to Peats Ridge which is two lanes each way and the freeway is then three lanes in each direction between Peats Ridge and Tuggerah. From Tuggerah north to Beresfield the freeway is two lanes in each direction.
- Central Coast Highway
The roads that link Kariong with Doyalson (Pacific Highway, Dane Drive, Masons Parade, York Street, George Street, The Entrance Road, Oakland Avenue, Coral Street, Wilfred Barrett Drive, Budgewoi Road and Scenic Road) became known as the Central Coast Highway from 9 August 2006.[21]
The Central Coast's roads are maintained by both local councils as well as state roads by the NSW government, however, due to the relatively large geography maintenance issues often arise.
Rail[]
The western suburbs of the Central Coast are serviced by the Central Coast & Newcastle Line. The rail line is primarily used to provide mass transport for those that commute to Sydney and as such services are most frequent during peak commuter times (typically one hour before Sydney peak times in the morning and one hour after in the evening due to the distance). Gosford station is the central station on the line connecting with most bus services as well as taxis.
Central Coast stations on the line are (from south to north):
- Wondabyne
- Woy Woy
- Koolewong
- Tascott
- Point Clare
- Gosford
- Narara
- Niagara Park
- Lisarow
- Ourimbah
- Tuggerah
- Wyong
- Warnervale
- Wyee
Trains terminate at both Gosford and Wyong stations which are also utilised by long distance services.
Bus[]
The Central Coast has no government-owned bus service but is serviced by three separate private operators. The private bus operators in the region are Busways which has depots at Kincumber and Charmhaven, Red Bus Services and Coastal Liner Coaches. All companies serve their own individual areas covering almost all areas of the region and rarely overlapping.
Busways operates services using Tuggerah, Erina and Gosford as central points. In the south services cover as far south as Woy Woy, Umina, Ettalong and Pearl Beach/Patonga, and also stretch out to Kincumber, Erina, Avoca and Terrigal in the east. Occasional services are conducted to Kariong in the west. Busways' northern services cover from Gosford and north to Tuggerah (through the Narara Valley and Ourimbah), then continue north to Wyong via Tuggerah, which in turn services the northern section of Lake Haven, Charmhaven, Gorokan, Toukley, Noraville Budgewoi, Buff Point and San Remo. Further services also utilise routes including Blue Haven, Gwandalan, and as far north as Swansea and Charlestown in Lake Macquarie. As of February 2008, Busways have more than 50 wheelchair accessible buses in their fleet.(17 at Charmhaven, 33 at Kincumber)
Red Bus Services operate services mainly between Wyong and The Entrance as well as The Entrance and Gosford, although some services do reach Ourimbah and Wyong Hospital at Kanwal. Their services also operate to West Gosford, Wyoming, Holgate, Matcham, Point Frederick and Springfield. Although most services operate to/from Wyong Hospital via Berkley Vale and Westfield Tuggerah, one service (Route 29) operates from Bay Village to Wyong Hospital via The Entrance, Magenta Shores, Toukley, Gorokan and Lake Haven. Red Bus have around 25 buses that are suitable for wheelchairs.
Coastal Liner operate limited route bus services around Westfield Tuggerah, Wyong, Wyee, Hamlyn Terrace, Woongarah, Warnervale, Dooralong and Jilliby. Routes 10 (Tuggerah-Wyee via Hue Hue Road and Wyong), 12 (Tuggerah-Jilliby via Dicksons and Mandalong Roads) and 13 (Tuggerah-Dooralong via Jilliby Road) all operate only on weekdays with limited services. Route 11 is the most popular service, linking Lake Haven with Warnervale via Hamlyn Terrace and Woongarah. This service on weekdays occasionally extends to Westfield Tuggerah and Wyong Station via Hue Hue Road. Coastal Liner currently has 2 wheelchair buses.
Telecommunications[]
The Central Coast falls entirely in the fixed phone 43xx xxxx region and is classified Regional 1 for billing. Fixed-line telephone service is universally available. GSM, 3G and 4G mobile services are available from Optus, Telstra and Vodafone, though numerous black spots exist due to the topography and remoteness of some parts of the region. Telstra's service network has the broadest coverage over the entire region.
ADSL and good quality fixed-wireless broadband services are widely available, however, significant blackspots continue to exist. High speed ADSL2 is available at most exchanges through Telstra. Few other providers exist, leading to an expensive high speed broadband offering for the region. Many areas experience very slow and/or unreliable ADSL connections due to the age and quality of the infrastructure.
Fibre optic based broadband services are available in some areas serviced by the National Broadband Network NBN. These include Gosford, East Gosford, West Gosford, Springfield, Berkley Vale, Tumbi Umbi & Long Jetty. Customers in these areas have 50 retail broadband service providers to choose from. Connection to the network does not cost the customer anything, though customers are expected to sign a 12 - 18 month contract. Monthly charges range from $29.50/month.
In 2011 the region was selected as one of the early roll out regions for the National Broadband Network's fibre to the premise installation which will offer stable speeds of 100/40 Mbit/s down/up load respectively. Two Points Of Interconnect (POI) are located in the region at Gosford and Berkley Vale exchanges. The regional rollout will radiate out from these two super exchanges. Services in areas around the two POI are now available. The rollout of the NBN to the remainder of the region is in question following a change of government in September 2013. Trials of fibre to the node technology are planned for Umina and Woy Woy.
Retail[]
The Central Coast is home to Erina Fair, the largest single level shopping centre in the Southern Hemisphere and the largest non-metropolitan shopping centre in Australia. It provides many of the area's amenities such as restaurants, cinema, fast food and shopping. Another large shopping centre exists to the north, Westfield Tuggerah.
Other smaller local shopping centres are located throughout the region, including at Woy Woy, Umina, Kincumber, Gosford, Bateau Bay and Lake Haven.
Notes[]
- ^ These figures are the distances from Sydney and Newcastle to Gosford, the major population centre in the region.
References[]
- ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). 4?opendocument&navpos=220 "Central Coast (Region)". 2011 Census QuickStats. http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/SAL 4?opendocument&navpos=220. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
- ^ 2012 Central Coast AT A GLANCE. Central Coast Research Foundation.
- ^ "Central Coast". VisitNSW.com. http://www.visitnsw.com/destinations/central-coast. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
- ^ "The Hon. (Rob) Robert Gordon STOKES, MP". http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/Prod/Parlment/members.nsf/0/F4860AE56F148481CA2572AE001D6015?Open&refnavid=ME4_1. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
- ^ Karskens, Grace. The Colony: The History of Early Sydney - Allen & Unwin 2010. The ISBN 9781742373645
- ^ Bennett, F. C.: The Story of the Aboriginal People of the Central Coast of New South Wales, Brisbane Water Historical Society, 1968, p. 9.
- ^ "Central Coast". Geographical Names Register (GNR) of NSW. Geographical Names Board of New South Wales. http://www.gnb.nsw.gov.au/place_naming/placename_search/extract?id=MnqwBKrXMn. Retrieved 2008-05-07.
- ^ "Climate statistics for Australian locations". http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_061366.shtml. Retrieved January 2014.
- ^ "2011 Census QuickStats: Central Coast". http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/102?opendocument&navpos=95. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
- ^ "History of Laycock Street Theatre". Laycock Street Theatre. http://www.laycockstreettheatre.com/about.html. Retrieved 20 December 2012.
- ^ "ccmariners.com.au". Central Coast Mariners: History. http://www.ccmariners.com.au/default.aspx?s=history. Retrieved 2006-11-10.
- ^ "rhinos.com.au". Central Coast Rhinos Ice Hockey. http://www.rhinos.com.au/. Retrieved 2006-11-10.
- ^ "Central Coast door ajar for Sydney club". The Sydney Morning Herald. 2004-12-07. http://www.smh.com.au/news/League/Central-Coast-door-ajar-for-Sydney-club/2004/12/06/1102182228899.html. Retrieved 2006-11-10.
- ^ "ccmariners.com.au". Central Coast Mariners: Stadium Info. http://www.ccmariners.com.au/default.aspx?s=stadiuminfo. Retrieved 2006-11-10.
- ^ Michael, Sarah (21 May 2014). "Water views: Incredible pictures of warship sunk off NSW coast that's become underwater playground for scuba divers". Daily Mail Online Australia. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2634623/Water-views-Incredible-pictures-warship-sunk-NSW-coast-thats-underwater-playground-scuba-divers.html. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
- ^ "health.nsw.gov.au/areas/ccahs/". Central Coast health: About Us. Archived from the original on 2006-11-02. http://web.archive.org/web/20061102061312/http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/areas/ccahs/hmo/about.html. Retrieved 2006-11-12.
- ^ "ambulance.nsw.gov.au". Ambulance Service of New South Wales: Map of ambulance stations across NSW. Archived from the original on 2006-10-29. http://web.archive.org/web/20061029215823/http://www.ambulance.nsw.gov.au/about/map.html. Retrieved 2006-11-12.
- ^ "Projects". Roads and Maritime Services. http://www.rta.nsw.gov.au/roadprojects/projects/alpha_numeric/sydney.html. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
- ^ "Sydney-Newcastle (F3) Freeway". Ozroads. http://www.ozroads.com.au/NSW/Freeways/F3/f3.htm. Retrieved 2006-07-06.
- ^ http://www.rta.nsw.gov.au/constructionmaintenance/majorconstructionprojectssydney/f3widening/index.html F3 Freeway Widening, RTA. Retrieved on 19 July 2007
- ^ "Kariong to Doyalson". NSW Roads and Traffic Authority. 2008-01-23. Archived from the original on 2008-01-02. http://web.archive.org/web/20080102183007/http://www.rta.nsw.gov.au/constructionmaintenance/majorconstructionprojectsregional/centralcoast/kariong-doyalson.html. Retrieved 2008-05-07.
External links[]
- Regional Development Australia Central Coast
- Gosford City Council
- Wyong Shire Council
- Central Coast Tourism
- Central Coast Mariners
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