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  • AKA: Henry the Black
  • 1120-1126: Duke of Bavaria
  • Genealogist: House of Welf
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Wikipedia

Heinrich IX. der Schwarze Welf von Bayern, Duke of Bavaria, was born 1075 to Welf IV. von Bayern (c1035-1101) and Judith of Flanders (1033-1094) and died 13 December 1126 of unspecified causes. He married Wulfhild von Sachsen (c1075-1126) .

Biography

Henry IX, called the Black, a member of the House of Welf, was duke of Bavaria from 1120 to 1126. Henry was the second son of Welf I, Duke of Bavaria and Judith of Flanders. As a young man, he administered the family's property south of the Alps. Through his marriage to Wulfhild, daughter of Magnus, Duke of Saxony, he acquired part of the Billung property in Saxony.

In 1116, he joined Emperor Henry V's Italian campaign. He succeeded his brother Welf II, Duke of Bavaria, when the latter died childless in 1120. Through his marriage to Wulfhilde, daughter of Duke Magnus of Saxony,[1] about 1095, he acquired part of the Billung estates around Lüneburg (the nucleus of the later Welf duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg). He aspired to succeed his father-in-law as Saxon duke when Magnus died without male heirs in 1106, but was denied as the new king Henry V enfeoffed his follower Count Lothair of Supplinburg.

Duke Henry nevertheless upheld close relations with the ruling Salian dynasty. In 1116, he joined Emperor Henry V's second Italian campaign to seize the estates of late Margravine Matilda of Tuscany. He succeeded his elder brother Welf II as Bavarian duke, when the latter died childless in 1120. Henry was also instrumental in bringing about the 1122 Concordat of Worms, ending the long-lasting Investiture Controversy between Pope and Emperor.

Duke Henry played a vital role in the royal election of 1125: first supporting his son-in-law, the Hohenstaufen duke Frederick II of Swabia, he switched his allegiance to his old rival Duke Lothair of Saxony—probably after Lothair promised that Gertrude, his only daughter and heir, would marry Henry's son Henry the Proud. The marriage was concluded in May 1127. The estrangement between the Welf and Hohenstaufen dynasties ("Guelphs and Ghibellines") lasted until the 13th century.

After Lothair won the tumultuous election, he imposed an Imperial ban on Frederick II, however, the king's forces were not able to conquer the Hohenstaufen territories in Swabia. In 1126 Henry abdicated as Bavarian duke in favour of his second son Henry the Proud and retired to the family foundation of Weingarten Abbey in Upper Swabia, possibly to not be obliged to participate in the prosecution of his son-in-law.

Henry died shortly thereafter and was buried in Weingarten. His wife Wulfhilde outlived him by only 16 days. Henry's epithet "the Black" has not been recorded before the 13th century. Both Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and his bitter rival Henry the Lion were his grandsons.

Issue

Henry and Wulfhilde had the following children:

  1. Judith, married Frederick II, Duke of Swabia[2]
    1. Parents of Friedrich I Barbarossa of the Holy Roman Empire (1122-1190) -
  2. Konrad von Bayern (c1105-1126)
  3. Henry X the Proud, married Gertrude of Süpplingenburg,[3] succeeded his father as Duke of Bavaria
  4. Welf VI (1115-1191)[1]
  5. Sophie von Bayern (c1117-1145), married Berthold III, Duke of Zähringen and secondly Margrave Leopold of Styria[1]
  6. Wulfhild von Bayern (c1119-c1166), married Rudolf I, Count of Bregenz[1]
  7. Mathilde von Bayern (c1121-c1168), married Diepold IV, Margrave of Vohburg and Count Gebhard III of Sulzbach[1]
  8. Adalbert von Bayern (c1123-c1170) - , Abbot of Corvey


Children


Offspring of Heinrich IX. von Bayern and Wulfhild von Sachsen (c1075-1126)
Name Birth Death Joined with
Judith von Bayern (c1103-1131) 19 May 1100 Bavaria, Germany 27 August 1130 Germany Friedrich II von Schwaben (1090-1147)
Konrad von Bayern (c1105-1126) 1105 Ravensburg 17 March 1126 Mudogno
Heinrich der Stolze (c1108-1139) 1108 20 October 1139 Quedlinburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany Gertrud von Sachsen (1115-1143)
Welf VI (1115-1191) 1115 15 December 1191 Memmingen, Bavaria, Germany Uta of Calw (c1115)
Sophie von Bayern (c1117-1145) 1117 1145 Berthold III. von Zähringen (c1085-1122)
Leopold von Steiermark (c1076-1129)
Wulfhild von Bayern (c1119-c1166) 1119 1166 Rudolf von Bregenz (c1085-1160)
Mathilde von Bayern (c1121-c1168) 1121 1168 Diepold IV. von Vohburg (c1105-1128)
Gebhard III. von Sulzbach (c1114-1188)
Adalbert von Bayern (c1123-c1170) 1123 1170



Siblings


Offspring of Welf IV. von Bayern (c1035-1101) and Judith of Flanders (1033-1094)
Name Birth Death Joined with
Welf V. von Bayern (c1072-1120) 1072 24 September 1120 Kaufering, Landsberg, Bavaria, Germany Matilde di Canossa (c1046-1115)
Heinrich IX. von Bayern (1075-1126) 1075 13 December 1126 Wulfhild von Sachsen (c1075-1126)
Kunizza von Bayern (c1073-1120) 1073 1120 Friedrich III. Rocho von Dießen (c1068-1096)


See Also

Bibliographies

  • In the early 1120s, Henry commissioned the Genealogia Welforum, a family history in Latin, composed at Weingarten Abbey. He may have been prompted by the canonization of Bishop Conrad of Constance in 1123. Conrad was a Welf and his canonization stimulated Henry's interest in his ancestors. At the same time, Henry made an inventory of his family's tombs.[4]
  • Barber, Malcolm (2004). The Two Cities: Medieval Europe 1050–1320. Routledge. 
  • Lyon, Jonathan R. (2013). Princely Brothers and Sisters. Cornell University Press. 
  • The New Cambridge Medieval History. Cambridge University Press. 2006. 

External Links

Royal Succession Charts =

Heinrich IX. von Bayern (1075-1126)
Born: 1075 Died: 1126
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Welf II
Duke of Bavaria
1120–1126
Succeeded by
Henry X

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Lyon 2013, p. 245.
  2. ^ Barber 2004, p. 193.
  3. ^ Luscombe & Riley-Smith 2006, p. 755.
  4. ^ Stefan Tebruck (2017), "The Propaganda of Power: Memoria, History, Patronage", in Graham A. Loud; Jochen Schenk, The Origins of the German Principalities, 1100–1350: Essays by German Historians, Routledge, pp. 160–180 , esp. 167–168.


Footnotes (including sources)

Robin Patterson, Rtol, Thurstan, MainTour

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