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Palm Beach County, Florida

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Palm Beach County, Florida
Palm Beach Florida photo by D Ramey Logan
Palm Beach County
Flag of Palm Beach County, Florida
Flag		Seal of Palm Beach County, Florida
Seal
Map of Florida highlighting Palm Beach County
Location in the state of Florida
Map of the U.S
Florida's location in the U.S.
Founded April 30, 1909
Named for Palm Beach
Seat West Palm Beach
Largest city West Palm Beach
Area
 - Total
 - Land
 - Water
2,383 sq mi (6,172 km²)
1,970 sq mi (5,102 km²)
413 sq mi (1,070 km²), 17.3%
PopulationEst.
 - (2013)
 - Density
1,372,171
670/sq mi (259/km²)
Congressional districts 18th, 20th, 21st
Time zone Eastern: UTC-5/-4
Website www.co.palm-beach.fl.us

Palm Beach County is a county located in the state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,320,134,[1] making it the third-most populous county in Florida. The largest city and county seat is West Palm Beach.[2] Named after one of its oldest settlements, Palm Beach, the county was established in 1909, after being split from Dade County. The county's modern-day boundaries were established in 1963. Palm Beach County is included in the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, Florida metropolitan area.

The area had been increasing in population since the late 19th century, with the incorporation of West Palm Beach in 1894 and after Henry Flagler extended the Florida East Coast Railway and built the Royal Poinciana Hotel, The Breakers, and Whitehall. In 1928, the Okeechobee hurricane struck West Palm Beach and caused thousands of deaths. Since then, a number of other tropical cyclones have impacted the area. More recently, the county acquired national attention during the 2000 presidential election, when a controversial recount occurred. As of 2004, Palm Beach County is Florida's wealthiest county, with a per capita personal income of $44,518.[3]

History

Approximately 10,200 years ago, Native Americans began migrating into Florida. The tribes settling in modern-day Palm Beach County included the Ais', Calusas, Jaegas, Mayaimis, and Tequestas. An estimated 20,000 Native Americans lived in South Florida when the Spanish arrived. Their population diminished significantly by the 18th century, due to warfare, enslavement, and diseases from Europe.[4] In 1513, Juan Ponce de León, who led a European expedition to Florida earlier that year, became the first non-Native American to reach Palm Beach County, after landing in the modern day Jupiter area.[5] Among the first non-Native American residents were African Americans, many of whom were former slaves or immediate descendants of former slaves who had escaped to Florida from slave plantations located in Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina. Runaway African slaves started coming to what was then Spanish Florida in the late 17th century and they found refuge among the Seminole Native Americans. During the Seminole Wars, these African-American slaves fought with the Seminoles against White settlers and bounty hunters.[6][7] Portions of the Second Seminole War occurred in Palm Beach County, including the Battle of Jupiter Inlet in 1838.[8]

The Royal Poinciana, Palm Beach, Florida, 1900

The Royal Poinciana Hotel in 1900

The oldest surviving structure, the Jupiter Lighthouse, was built in 1860, after receiving authorization to the land from President Franklin Pierce in 1854.[9] During the American Civil War, Florida was a member of the Confederate States of America. To aid the cause of their state, Augustus O. Lang and James Paine removed the lighting mechanism, dimming the lighthouse and assisting their blockade runners.[10] Lang was also the first white settler in Palm Beach County. He built a palmetto shack along the eastern shore of Lake Worth in 1863 after abandoning the cause of the Confederacy.[11] After the Civil War ended, the Jupiter Lighthouse was re-lit in 1866.[10] Thirteen years later, a National Weather Service office was established at the lighthouse complex. However, the office was moved to Miami after that city's population began to rapidly grow.[12]

In October 1873, a hurricane caused a shipwreck between Biscayne Bay and the New River. The crew survived, but nearly died due to starvation because of the desolation of the area. An Act of Congress on June 20, 1874, resulted in the establishment of five houses of Houses of Refuge along the east coast of Florida from the Fort Pierce Inlet southward to Biscayne Bay. Orange Grove House of Refuge No. 3 was built near Delray Beach in 1876.[13]

Henry Flagler, who was instrumental in the county's development in the late 19th century and early 20th century, first visited in 1892, describing the area as a "veritable paradise." Flagler subsequently purchased land on both sides of Lake Worth. Other investors followed suit, causing a small boom and bringing in existing businesses or new ones were established. The Royal Poinciana Hotel, constructed by Flagler to accommodate wealthy tourists, opened for business in February 1894. About a month later, the Florida East Coast Railway, owned by Flagler, reached West Palm Beach. On November 5, 1894, Palm Beach County's oldest city, West Palm Beach, was incorporated. In 1896, another hotel built by Flagler was opened, the Palm Beach Inn, later renamed the The Breakers.[14] He also constructed his own winter home beginning in 1900; he and his wife moved in on February 6, 1902. Flagler died there on May 20, 1913, after falling down a flight of marble stairs.

Palm Beach County was created in 1909. It was named for its first settled community, Palm Beach. The County was carved out of what was then the northern portion of Dade County, comprising part of the areas now occupied by Okeechobee and Broward counties, part of Martin and all of Palm Beach county, initially including all of Lake Okeechobee. The southernmost part of Palm Beach County was separated to create the northern portion of Broward County in 1915, the northwestern portion became part of Okeechobee County 1917 and southern Martin County was created from northernmost Palm Beach County in 1925.[15]

1928 Okeechobee Aftermath 17

A montage of images of impact by the Okeechobee hurricane

Early on September 17, 1928, the Okeechobee hurricane made landfall near West Palm Beach and crossed Lake Okeechobee shortly thereafter.Template:Atlantic hurricane best track Storm surge left severe damage in the city of Palm Beach, and a death toll of 26.[16] In West Palm Beach, more than 1,711 homes were destroyed.[17] Further inland, wind-driven storm surge in Lake Okeechobee inundated adjacent communities, particularly Belle Glade, Pahokee, and South Bay. Hundreds of square miles were flooded, including some areas with up to 20 feet (6.1 m) of water. Numerous houses were swept away and damaged after crashing into other obstacles.[18] Flood waters did not completely subside for several weeks. At least 2,500 deaths occurred, many of whom were black migrant farmers. Damage in South Florida totaled approximately $25 million (1928 USD). In response to the storm, the Herbert Hoover Dike was constructed to prevent a similar disaster.[19] Previously, Lake Okeechobee overflowed in 1926 during the Miami hurricane, though flooding was primarily in Moore Haven in Glades County.[20] As a result of both the Okeechobee and Miami hurricanes, Palm Beach County, along with the rest of South Florida, began suffering economic turmoil and pushed the region into the Great Depression, even before the Wall Street Crash of 1929. Housing prices dropped dramatically in the county, as well as in the rest of the country.[21]

The Palm Beach International Airport (PBIA), then known as Morrison's Field, opened in 1936. After the United States entered World War II, it was converted to an Air Force Base in 1942.[22] During the war, thousands of servicemen arrived in Palm Beach County for training and supporting the war effort.[23] Following the conclusion of World War II, a number of veterans returned to the area for work, vacation, or retirement.[23] The base was closed and became a commercial airport again in 1962.[22] Migration to the county by workers, tourists, and retirees continued into the 21st century.[24]

August 28, 1949, a Category 4 hurricane struck West Palm Beach with maximum sustained winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) causing considerable damage.[25]

The area's first television station, WIRK-TV Channel 21, signed on September 13, 1953. It went off the air less than three years later. However, NBC affiliate WPTV-TV and CBS affiliate WPEC first aired in 1954 and 1955, respectively – both of which are still in existence today.[26]

Richard Paul Pavlick nearly attempted to assassinate then President-elect John F. Kennedy in Palm Beach in December 1960. The Kennedys were vacationing at La Guerida,[27] a house originally owned by Rodman Wanamaker and sold to Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. in 1933.[28] Pavlick's anti-Catholic and anti-government views led him to stalk and plot to kill JFK.[29] A resident of New Hampshire, Pavlick loaded-up his car with sticks of dynamite and drove down to Palm Beach. Pavlick sent bizarre postcards to his hometown, which included information that coincided with the Kennedys vacation. The postmaster alerted the Secret Service to be vigilant for Pavlick's vehicle. On December 11, as Kennedy was preparing to leave for Mass, Pavlick forwent his attempt to murder Kennedy because he was with his wife, Jacqueline, and their two children.[27] On December 15, Pavlick's car, which had sticks of dynamite inside, was surrounded by police and he was arrested.[27][29] Charges against Pavolick were dropped on December 2, 1963, 10 days after Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas.[27] Additionally, a secret blast shelter built on Peanut Island during his presidency because escalating Cold War tensions.[30]

About three-quarters of Lake Okeechobee was removed from Palm Beach County in 1963 and divided up among Glades, Hendry, Martin and Okeechobee counties. This was the final change to the county's boundaries.[15]

Hurricane David struck near West Palm Beach late on September 3, 1979, with sustained winds of 100 mph (155 km/h). The storm's winds shattered windows in stores near the coast and caused property damage, including blowing the frame off the Palm Beach Jai Alai and downing the 186-foot (57-m) WJNO AM radio tower in West Palm Beach into the Intracoastal Waterway. A few roofs were torn off, and numerous buildings were flooded from over 6 inches (150 mm) of rainfall. Damage in the county reached $30 million (1979 USD), most of which was incurred to agriculture.

Butterfly large

The "butterfly ballot" used during the 2000 election in Palm Beach County

The county became the center of controversy during presidential election on November 7, 2000. Allegedly, the "butterfly ballot", designed by Palm Beach County Supervisor of Elections Theresa LePore, led to an unexpectedly large number of votes for Reform Party candidate Pat Buchanan, rather than for Democrat Al Gore. Due to the aforementioned "butterfly ballot" and the closeness of the statewide results between Gore and Texas Governor George W. Bush, manual recounts were conducted. On December 8, The Florida Supreme Court voted 4-3 to mandate manual recounts in all counties with disputed results. However, the Supreme Court of the United States overturned the decision in Bush v. Gore on December 12, allowing Florida Secretary of the State Katherine Harris to award the 25 electoral votes to Bush, as Harris's tally prior to the state-ordered recounts placed him ahead of Gore by 537 popular votes. In turn, this gave Bush victory in the national election.

Following the September 11 attacks in 2001, an FBI investigation revealed that 12 of the 19 terrorists trained or resided in Palm Beach County during the months prior to the attacks, including Ahmed al-Ghamdi,[31] Ahmed al-Haznawi,[32] Marwan al-Shehhi, Waleed and Wail Alshehri, Satam al-Suqami, Mohamed Atta,[31] and Ziad Jarrah.[32] Later that month, during the anthrax attacks, a letter containing spores of this substance was mailed to the American Media, Inc. building in Boca Raton. Three people were exposed to the anthrax, including Robert Stevens, a photo editor who died after an infection induced by the anthrax.[31]

Hurricane Frances 05 sept 2004 1815Z

Satellite imagery of Hurricane Frances making landfall in Martin County

Palm Beach County was impacted by several tropical cyclones in 2004 and 2005, most severely by hurricanes Frances, Jeanne, and Wilma, which resulted in at least a few billion dollars in damage. Early on September 5, 2004, Frances made landfall in Martin County as a Category 2 hurricane with winds of 105 mph (165 km/h). Although the county recorded tropical storm-force winds, a wind gust of 91 mph (146 km/h) was observed at the Jupiter Inlet. The strong winds caused about 659,000 power outages, according to Florida Power & Light (FPL). Structural damage in Palm Beach County included 15,000 houses and 2,400 businesses. Additionally, crops suffered severely, with $70 million (2004 USD) in damage dealt to sugar cane. Six deaths occurred in Palm Beach County due to storm-related vehicle accidents or drownings.

About three weeks after Frances, Hurricane Jeanne struck near the same location as a Category 3 hurricane with winds of 120 mph (195 km/h). Despite Jeanne being more intense than Frances, the overall impact was slightly lesser. Storm surge of 2 to 4 ft (0.61 to 1.2 m) along the coast resulted in moderate beach erosion in Palm Beach County. Jeanne also brought strong winds, with a wind gust of 94 mph (151 km/h) recorded at the C-MAN station at the Lake Worth pier. Unofficially, a wind gust of 125 mph (201 km/h) was observed in West Palm Beach. FPL reported 591,300 electrical outages in the county after Jeanne. About 4,160 homes were damaged and 60 were destroyed. Severe local flooding occurred in Jupiter, Palm Beach Gardens, and rural areas of western Palm Beach County. Agricultural losses reached about $30 million. Overall, Jeanne wrought $260 million in damage, but caused no deaths.

Wilma05FLLandfallRadar

Radar imagery of Hurricane Wilma making landfall in Florida

On October 24, 2005, Hurricane Wilma made landfall near Cape Romano, Florida, as a Category 3 hurricane with winds of 120 mph (195 km/h). The storm headed northwestward and moved directly across Palm Beach County. At PBIA, sustained winds reached 82 mph (132 km/h), while a wind gust as strong as 101 mph (163 km/h) was observed. Winds damaged 52,385  Palm Beach County homes and destroyed 2,669 others.[2]

Since Hurricane Wilma in 2005, several other tropical cyclones have impacted Palm Beach County. In August 2008, Tropical Storm Fay brought generally minor flooding, with 7 to 9 in (180 to 230 mm) of rain over the eastern portions of the county. Fay spawned an EF2 over Wellington, which deroofed stables and knocked over electrical poles and several trees at the Palm Beach Equine Clinic. Additionally, the Equine Veterinary lost more than 95% of its roof tiles and a heavy trailer was tossed about 120 ft (37 m) from its original location. An apartment building also suffered minor roof damage. About four years later, in August 2012, the outerbands of Hurricane Isaac dropped at least 15.86 in (403 mm) of rain near Lion Country Safari. The consequent flooding left neighborhoods in The Acreage, Loxahatchee, Royal Palm Beach, and Wellington, were left stranded for up to several days. One man died after crashing into a concrete wall along Interstate 95 during the storm. Overall, damage in the county totaled approximately $71.59 million (2012 USD).

Geography

Lake Okeechobee

View of Lake Okeechobee from Pahokee.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2,383 square miles (6,170 km2), of which 1,970 square miles (5,100 km2) is land and 413 square miles (1,070 km2) (17.3%) is water.[33] It is the second-largest county in Florida by land area and third-largest by total area. Much of the water is the Atlantic Ocean and Lake Okeechobee. The county has approximately 526,000 acres (212,900 ha) of farmland.

The boundaries of area code 561 exactly match the county's with 761 reserved for future use. Originally, it was part of area code 305, and later area code 407.

Adjacent counties

Palm Beach County borders Martin County to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Broward County to the south, Hendry County to the west, and extends into Lake Okeechobee in the northwest, where it borders Okeechobee County and Glades County at one point in the center of the lake.

Natural areas

  • Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, a 147,392 acres (59,647.4 ha) refuge in Boynton Beach
  • DuPuis Management Area, a 21,875 acres (8,852.5 ha) area of protected lands.
  • J.W. Corbett Wildlife Management Area, a 60,348 acres (24,422.0 ha) area of protected lands.
  • Jupiter Ridge Natural Area, a 271 acres (109.7 ha) preserve in Jupiter, Florida.
  • Juno Dunes Natural Area, a 576 acres (233.1 ha) preserve in Juno Beach.
  • Frenchman's Forest Natural Area, a 158 acres (63.9 ha) preserve in Palm Beach Gardens
  • Sweetbay Natural Area, a 1,094 acres (442.7 ha) preserve in Palm Beach Gardens.
  • Royal Palm Beach Pines Natural Area, a 773 acres (312.8 ha) preserve in Royal Palm Beach.
  • Hypoluxo Scrub Natural Area, a 97 acres (39.3 ha) preserve in Hypoluxo.
  • Rosemary Scrub Natural Area, a 14 acres (5.7 ha) preserve in Boynton Beach.
  • Seacrest Scrub Natural Area, a 54 acres (21.9 ha) preserve in Boynton Beach.
  • Delray Oaks Natural Area a 25 acres (10.1 ha) prairie and xeric hammock preserve with a small strand swamp and areas of flatwoods in Delray Beach.
  • Leon M. Weekes Environmental Preserve, a 12 acres (4.9 ha) preserve in Delray Beach.

In addition the county has many coral reef patches along its coastline. The county has put in a lot of effort to preserve the reefs.

Demographics

Historical populations
Census Pop. %±
1910 5,577
—
1920 18,654 234.5%
1930 51,781 177.6%
1940 79,989 54.5%
1950 114,688 43.4%
1960 228,106 98.9%
1970 348,753 52.9%
1980 576,863 65.4%
1990 863,518 49.7%
2000 1,131,184 31.0%
2010 1,320,134 16.7%
Est. 2014 1,397,710 [34] 23.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[35]
1790-1960[36] 1900-1990[37]
1990-2000[38] 2010-2013[1]

2010 Census

U.S. Census Bureau 2010 Ethnic/Race Demographics:[39][40]

  • White (non-Hispanic) (73.5% when including White Hispanics): 60.1% (10.8% German, 10.2% Irish, 9.4% Italian, 7.4% English, 4.7% Polish, 4.7% Russian, 2.4% French, 1.6% Scottish, 1.1% Scotch-Irish, 1.0% Dutch, 1.0% Hungarian, 0.8% Swedish, 0.7% Greek, 0.6% Norwegian, 0.6% French Canadian)[39]
  • Black (non-Hispanic) (17.3% when including Black Hispanics): 16.8% (7.2% West Indian/Afro-Caribbean American [4.6% Haitian, 1.8% Jamaican, 0.2% Bahamian, 0.2% Other or Unspecified West Indian, 0.2% Trinidadian and Tobagonian, 0.1% British West Indian,] 0.8% Subsaharan African)[39][41]
  • Hispanic or Latino of any race: 19.0% (3.7% Mexican, 3.3% Cuban, 3.0% Puerto Rican, 1.7% Colombian, 1.5% Guatemalan, 0.8% Dominican, 0.6% Honduran, 0.6% Peruvian, 0.5% Salvadoran)[40][42]
  • Asian: 2.4% (0.7% Asian Indian, 0.4% Chinese, 0.4% Other Asian, 0.3% Filipino, 0.3% Vietnamese, 0.1% Korean, 0.1% Japanese)[39][40]
  • Two or more races: 2.3%
  • American Indian and Alaska Native: 0.5%
  • Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander: 0.1%[39][40]
  • Other Races: 4.0% (0.5% Arab)[39]

In 2010, 4.5% of the population considered themselves to be of only "American" ancestry (regardless of race or ethnicity.)[39]

As of 2010, Haitians made up the largest population of immigrants, with Cuban exiled refugees coming in second, Mexicans in third, followed by Colombians in fourth place, then Jamaicans, Guatemalans, Canadians, Hondurans, ninth being Peruvians, and Brazilians being the tenth highest group of expatriates. The British, Germans, and Polish, which had held spots in Palm Beach County's top 10 immigrant list of 2000, dropped off the 2010 list, which now no longer has any European countries in its top ten.[43]

There were 664,594 households out of which 24.35% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.28% were married couples living together, 11.68% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.40% were non-families. 30.11% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.70% (4.02% male and 10.68% female) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.97.[40][44]

The age distribution is 20.4% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 26.4% from 45 to 64, and 21.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.5 years. For every 100 females there were 93.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.3 males.[44]

In 2010, 22.3% of the county's population was foreign born, with 43.7% being naturalized American citizens. Of foreign-born residents, 71.3% were born in Latin America, 13.6% were born in Europe, 9.2% born in Asia, 4.0% in North America, 1.8% born in Africa, and 0.1% were born in Oceania.[39]

Languages

As of 2010, 73.13% of all residents spoke English as a primary language, while 15.69% spoke Spanish, 4.03% French Creole (mainly Haitian Creole,) 1.06% French, 0.94% Portuguese, and 0.54% of the population spoke Italian. In total, 26.87% spoke languages other than English as their mother language.[45]

Economy

Office Depot and The ADT Corporation are headquartered in Boca Raton.

A number of shopping malls exist throughout Palm Beach County, including the Boynton Beach Mall, The Gardens Mall, Town Center at Boca Raton, CityPlace, and Mizner Park.[46] Formerly, the Palm Beach and Cross County Malls operated in the county, though they closed in 1997 and 2010, respectively.

In undeveloped (central and western) Palm Beach County there is significant agricultural production, especially nurseries, truck crops (vegetables), and sugar cane.

Previously W. R. Grace and Company had its headquarters in unincorporated Palm Beach County, near Boca Raton.[47] Prior to its closing, the Boca Raton headquarters had about 130 employees. On January 27, 2011 it announced it was closing the Boca headquarters and moving its administrative staff out of state along with some employees.[47][48]

Previously, American Media was headquartered in the county.

Personal income

The median income for a household in the county was $53,242, and the median income for a family was $64,445. Males had a median income of $44,324 versus $37,337 for females. The per capita income for the county was $33,610. About 8.6% of families and 12.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.5% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those aged 65 or over.[49]

Tourism

Tourists visit during these annual events:

  • South Florida Fair
  • SunFest
  • Boat Show

Tourists patronize these sites:

  • American Orchid Society Visitors Center and Botanical Garden
  • Kravis Center for the Performing Arts
  • Jupiter Inlet Lighthouse
  • Lion Country Safari
  • Morikami Museum and Japanese Gardens, including the Roji-en Japanese Gardens
  • Mounts Botanical Garden
  • Norton Museum of Art
  • Palm Beach Maritime Museum [50]
  • Palm Beach County Library System[51]
  • Palm Beach Zoo at Dreher Park
  • South Florida Science Museum

Government

The Florida Department of Corrections operates the Glades Correctional Institution in an unincorporated area in Palm Beach County near Belle Glade.[52]

County Government

The county is governed by a Board of Commissioners. The Board consists of seven commissioners, who are all elected from single-member districts. One of the commissioners is elected Mayor and one of them is elected Vice-Mayor. Commissioners serve staggered terms, and Commissioners from Districts 1, 3, 5, and 7 are elected during presidential election years, while the Commissioners from Districts 2, 4, and 6 are elected in gubernatorial election years.

Elected county officers include a Clerk of Courts and Comptroller, Sheriff, Property Appraiser, Tax Collector, and Supervisor of Elections. State officers serving the Florida judicial district include the State Attorney, and Public Defender. All positions are four year terms, requiring direct election by voters in presidential election years.

Five former county commissioners have been accused or found guilty of corruption from 2006 to 2009. A grand jury recommended a strong inspector general. This position was approved by county voters in 2010. A county judge found that the mandate covered municipal government in 2015.[53]

Palm Beach County Officials
Position Incumbent
District 1 Commissioner Hal R. Valeche
District 2 Commissioner Paulette Burdick
District 3 Commissioner Shelley Vana
District 4 Commissioner Steven L. Abrams
District 5 Commissioner Mary Lou Berger
District 6 Commissioner Melissa McKinlay
District 7 Commissioner Priscilla Taylor
Clerk and Comptroller Sharon R. Bock
Sheriff Ric Bradshaw
Property Appraiser Gary R. Nikolits
Tax Collector Anne M. Gannon
Supervisor of Elections Susan Bucher
State Attorney Dave Aronberg
Public Defender Carey Haughwout

Elections

Presidential Election Results 1960-2012[54]
Year Democratic Republican
2012 58.21% 349,651 41.18% 247,398
2008 61.08% 361,271 38.22% 226,037
2004 60.35% 328,687 39.05% 212,688
2000 62.27% 269,754 35.31% 152,964
1996 58.06% 230,687 33.68% 133,811
1992 46.36% 187,869 34.63% 140,350
1988 44.07% 144,199 55.47% 181,495
1984 38.32% 116,091 61.67% 186,811
1980 36.37% 91,991 56.79% 143,639
1976 48.68% 96,705 49.45% 98,236
1972 27.18% 40,825 72.35% 108,670
1968 28.08% 32,837 53.19% 62,191
1964 46.91% 43,836 53.09% 49,614
1960 39.72% 29,871 60.28% 45,337

As of July 2015, the voter registration in the county consisted of 361,955 Democrats and 233,908 Republicans, while 246,453 people were Independents or members of a third party.[55]

Since 1992, Palm Beach County has supported a Democrat for the presidency. Prior to 1992, the county had been carried by a Republican every four years since 1948. Palm Beach County was the center of a nationwide media storm in 2000 when it appeared to have impacted the presidential election that year between eventual winner George W. Bush and Al Gore. A major source of controversy was the butterfly ballot used in Palm Beach County, a confusing ballot design which may have caused many voters to mistakenly vote for Reform Party candidate Pat Buchanan instead of Al Gore. Buchanan had an unexpectedly strong showing in the county.[56] In the end, Gore carried the county, but Bush captured the state of Florida by 537 votes after the recount was effectively halted by the Supreme Court of the United States in Bush v. Gore.

In the 2004 presidential election, President Bush garnered more votes in the county, but trailed Democrat John Kerry by 60.35%-39.05%. During the United States Senate election, Betty Castor (D) carried Palm Beach County against Republican Mel Martinez by a slightly wider margin of 22.26%.[57] In 2006, incumbent Senator Bill Nelson (D) trounced Katherine Harris (R), receiving about 72.54% of the vote. Then-Republican Charlie Crist was defeated in the county by Jim Davis (D) by 59.71%-38.28%.[58] In the 2008 presidential election, Barack Obama increased the Democratic victory margin from four years earlier and took approximately 61.08% of the vote against John McCain (R) in the county.[59]

In the 2010 gubernatorial election, Alex Sink (D) won Palm Beach County by a margin of 18.67% against Rick Scott (R). That same year, then-Independent United States Senate candidate and former Governor Crist carried Palm Beach County by just under 3,000 votes, or a margin of only 0.74%.[60] President Obama, who was re-elected in 2012, won by a smaller margin in the county, with Mitt Romney managing to receive 41.18% of the vote. During the Class III United States Senate seat election in Florida, incumbent Democrat Bill Nelson garnered 55.2% of the vote against challenger Connie Mack IV in Palm Beach County.[61] Former Governor Crist, who became a Democrat, garnered 58.8% of the vote against Governor Scott in the 2014 gubernatorial election.[62]

In the United States House of Representatives, Palm Beach County is represented by four Democrats: Patrick Murphy of the 18th district, Alcee Hastings of the 20th district, Ted Deutch of the 21st district, and Lois Frankel of the 22nd district.[62]

Transportation

Roadways

An advocacy group has criticized Palm Beach County's roadways for being dangerous for non-motorized users.[63] Local municipalities are working to increase safety, but county and state authorities have been hesitant to modify designs.[64][65]

Expressways

  • I-95 Interstate 95
  • Florida's Turnpike shield Florida's Turnpike

I-95 and Florida's Turnpike are controlled-access expressways that serve Palm Beach county. Southern Boulevard (signed SR 80/US 98), which runs east-west through central Palm Beach County, is a partial freeway from Interstate 95 in West Palm Beach to US 441/SR 7 in Wellington and Royal Palm Beach. In the late 1980s, there were plans to construct two additional expressways in Palm Beach County. One was to be an 11.5 miles (18.5 km) toll freeway from Royal Palm Beach to downtown West Palm Beach. It would have run between Belvedere Road and Okeechobee Boulevard; necessitating the destruction of several homes and churches along its path. The other proposed route was a northern extension of the Sawgrass Expressway which was to be called "University Parkway". The University Parkway would have snaked around suburban developments west of Boca Raton, Delray Beach, and Boynton Beach; its path bordering the Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge.[66][67] Ultimately, both expressways were canceled due to opposition from county residents.[68][69][70]

Major highways

Federal Highway:

  • US 1 US 1
  • Florida 5 SR 5 (hidden designation)
  • Florida 805 SR 805 (hidden designation)

Range Line Road:

  • US 441 US 441
  • Florida 7 SR 7

Southern Boulevard:

  • US 98 U.S.98
  • Florida 80 Route 80
  • Florida 700 Route 700

Other major highways:

  • Florida A1A A1A (Ocean Boulevard)
  • Florida 807 Palm Beach County Road 807 FL Route 807/County Road 807 (Congress Ave)
  • Florida 809 Palm Beach County Road 809 FL Route 809/County Road 809 (Military Trail)
  • Florida 710 Route 710 (Bee Line Hwy)

Railroads

  • Tri-Rail runs along eastern Palm Beach county, adjacent to Interstate 95 for most of its length. It has stops in Boca Raton, Delray Beach, Boynton Beach, Lake Worth, West Palm Beach, and Mangonia Park.

Airports

Palm Beach County Park Lantana Airport photo D Ramey Logan

Palm Beach County Park Lantana Airport

  • Palm Beach International Airport
  • Palm Beach County Park Airport
  • North Palm Beach County General Aviation Airport
  • Boca Raton Airport
  • Belle Glade State Airport
  • Palm Beach County Glades

Public transit

  • PalmTran provides bus service throughout Palm Beach county.

Seaport

The Port of Palm Beach is located in Riviera Beach, where Celebration Cruise Line operates 2-day cruises to the Bahamas.

Education

Primary and secondary schools

All of Palm Beach County is served by the School District of Palm Beach County. As of 2006, it was the 4th largest school district in Florida and the 11th largest school district in the United States. As of August 2006, the district operated 164 schools, including 25 high schools, and, as of July 22, 2006 had an additional 33 charter schools, with seven more scheduled to open in August 2006.[71] Newsweek listed three Palm Beach County high schools in the top 50 schools in the list 1200 Top U.S. Schools - Atlantic Community High School, Suncoast High School and the Alexander Dreyfoos School of the Arts, all public magnet schools.[72] Private schools in the county include Cardinal Newman High School, Jupiter Christian School, The King's Academy, The Benjamin School, Oxbridge Academy, Pope John Paul II High School, St Andrew's School and Weinbaum Yeshiva High School.

Colleges and universities

  • Florida Atlantic University
  • Lynn University
  • Northwood University
  • Nova Southeastern University
  • Palm Beach Atlantic University
  • Palm Beach State College

Public libraries

Palm Beach County Library System operates public libraries, the main one being the Main Library on Summit Blvd.

Sports

The Palm Beach Imperials are an American Basketball Association 2006 expansion franchise.

The Jupiter Hammerheads are a Single-A affiliate of the Miami Marlins, and the Palm Beach Cardinals are a Single High-A affiliate of the St. Louis Cardinals. Both teams play their games at Roger Dean Stadium in Jupiter. The St. Louis Cardinals and Miami Marlins conduct their spring training at Roger Dean Stadium in Jupiter.

Prior to the construction of Roger Dean Stadium, the Montreal Expos and Atlanta Braves held their spring training at Municipal Stadium in West Palm Beach. The West Palm Beach Expos, a Single-A affiliate of the Montreal Expos, also played their games there.

Also popular are the Florida Atlantic Owls, an NCAA Division I school that participates in Conference USA. The FAU football team play at FAU Stadium, and averaged 14,552 fans during the 2013 season.[73] The FAU basketball team plays at FAU Arena, and averaged 1,346 fans during the 2013–14 season.[74]

Media

  • The Palm Beach Post
  • Sun-Sentinel
  • WPEC-TV 12 News
  • WPTV-TV
  • WPBF-TV
  • WFLX
  • WTVX
  • Palm Beach Daily News
  • New Times Broward-Palm Beach - an alternative weekly

Communities

Cities of Palm Beach County

Map of incorporated cities.

BoyntonBeach&BocaRatonFromTheISS

Southeastern Palm Beach County (from Boca Raton to Boynton Beach), seen from the International Space Station

The largest city and county seat is West Palm Beach, with an estimated population of over 105,000. Additionally, the approximate urban population is 250,000, when including adjacent unincorporated neighborhoods. Boca Raton (South County), is the second largest, having a population approaching 90,000. Boynton Beach (South County), is the third largest city, with a population nearing 70,000 residents.[75]

The county has 38 municipalities in total. The municipalities are numbered corresponding to the attached image. Municipality populations are based on the 2010 Census.[76]

# Incorporated Community Designation Date incorporated Population
24 Atlantis City 01959-01-011959 2,005
2 Belle Glade City 01928-04-09April 9, 1928 17,467
37 Boca Raton City 01925-05-26May 26, 1925 84,392
30 Boynton Beach City 01920-01-011920 68,217
33 Briny Breezes Town 01963-03-19March 19, 1963 601
18 Cloud Lake Town 01947-01-011947 135
35 Delray Beach City 01911-10-09October 9, 1911 60,522
17 Glen Ridge Town 01948-01-011948 219
32 Golf Village 01957-01-011957 252
23 Greenacres City 01926-05-24May 24, 1926 37,573
34 Gulf Stream Town 01925-01-011925 786
16 Haverhill Town 01950-01-011950 1,873
36 Highland Beach Town 01949-01-011949 3,539
29 Hypoluxo Town 01955-01-011955 2,588
7 Juno Beach Town 01953-06-04June 4, 1953 3,176
6 Jupiter Town 01925-02-09February 9, 1925 55,156
5 Jupiter Inlet Colony Town 01959-01-011959 400
20 Lake Clarke Shores Town 01957-01-011957 3,376
10 Lake Park Town 01923-01-011923 8,155
25 Lake Worth City 01913-06-14June 14, 1913 34,910
27 Lantana Town 01921-01-011921 10,423
38 Loxahatchee Groves Town 02006-11-01November 1, 2006 3,180
28 Manalapan Town 01931-01-011931 406
13 Mangonia Park Town 01947-01-011947 1,888
9 North Palm Beach Village 01956-01-011956 12,015
31 Ocean Ridge Town 01931-01-011931 1,786
1 Pahokee City 01922-01-011922 5,649
14 Palm Beach Town 01911-04-17April 17, 1911 8,348
8 Palm Beach Gardens City 01959-06-20June 20, 1959 48,452
12 Palm Beach Shores Town 01951-01-011951 1,142
19 Palm Springs Village 01957-01-011957 18,928
11 Riviera Beach City 01922-09-29September 29, 1922 32,488
21 Royal Palm Beach Village 01959-06-18June 18, 1959 34,140
3 South Bay City 01941-01-011941 4,876
26 South Palm Beach Town 01955-01-011955 1,171
4 Tequesta Village 01957-01-011957 5,629
22 Wellington Village 01995-12-31December 31, 1995 56,508
15 West Palm Beach City 01894-11-05November 5, 1894 99,919

Census-designated places

  • Belle Glade Camp(l)
  • Boca Del Mar(c)
  • Boca Pointe(a)
  • Canal Point(bb)
  • Century Village(u)
  • Cypress Lakes(w)
  • Dunes Road(cc)
  • Fremd Village-Padgett Island(aa)
  • Golden Lakes(r)
  • Gun Club Estates(m)
  • Hamptons at Boca Raton(e)
  • High Point(i)
  • Juno Ridge(z)
  • Kings Point(g)
  • Lake Belvedere Estates(o)
  • Lake Harbor(p)
  • Lake Worth Corridor(k)
  • Lakeside Green(x)
  • Limestone Creek(y)
  • Mission Bay(d)
  • Plantation Mobile Home Park(s)
  • Royal Palm Estates(n)
  • Sandalfoot Cove(b)
  • Schall Circle(v)
  • Seminole Manor(j)
  • Stacy Street(q)
  • Villages of Oriole(h)
  • Westgate-Belvedere Homes(t)
  • Whisper Walk(f)

See also

Portal Miami
  • National Register of Historic Places listings in Palm Beach County, Florida

References

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Coordinates: 26°43′N 80°03′W / 26.71, -80.05

Compass rose pale-50x50 Okeechobee County and Glades County Martin County Compass rose pale-50x50
Hendry County North Atlantic Ocean
West   Compass card (de)  East
Palm Beach County, Florida
South
Broward County
v • d • e
Municipalities and communities of Palm Beach County, Florida, United States
Cities

Atlantis | Belle Glade | Boca Raton | Boynton Beach | Delray Beach | Greenacres | Lake Worth | Pahokee | Palm Beach Gardens | Riviera Beach | South Bay | West Palm Beach

Map of Florida highlighting Palm Beach County
Towns

Briny Breezes | Cloud Lake | Glen Ridge | Gulf Stream | Haverhill | Highland Beach | Hypoluxo | Juno Beach | Jupiter | Jupiter Inlet Colony | Lake Clarke Shores | Lake Park | Lantana | Loxahatchee Groves | Manalapan | Mangonia Park | Ocean Ridge | Palm Beach | Palm Beach Shores | South Palm Beach

Villages

Golf | North Palm Beach | Palm Springs | Royal Palm Beach | Tequesta | Wellington

CDPs

Belle Glade Camp | Boca Del Mar | Boca Pointe | Canal Point | Century Village | Cypress Lakes | Fremd Village-Padgett Island | Golden Lakes | Gun Club Estates | Hamptons at Boca Raton | High Point | Juno Ridge | Kings Point | Lake Belvedere Estates | Lake Harbor | Lake Worth Corridor | Lakeside Green | Limestone Creek | Mission Bay | Plantation Mobile Home Park | Royal Palm Estates | Sandalfoot Cove | Schall Circle | Seminole Manor | Stacey Street | Villages of Oriole | Westgate-Belvedere Homes | Whisper Walk

Unincorporated
communities

The Acreage | Boca West | Bryant | Dahlberg | Deem City | Dunes Road | Loxahatchee | Okeelanta | Pelican Lake

Flag of Florida
South Florida metropolitan area
Counties Miami-Dade County | Broward County | Palm Beach County
200,000–500,000 Miami† | Hialeah
100,000–200,000 Fort Lauderdale† | Pembroke Pines | Hollywood | Coral Springs | West Palm Beach† | Miramar | Miami Gardens | Pompano Beach
50,000–100,000 Sunrise | Miami Beach | Boca Raton | Plantation | Davie | Kendall | Deerfield Beach | Boynton Beach | Delray Beach | Weston | Fountainbleau | Lauderhill | Tamarac | North Miami | Kendale Lakes | Wellington | Margate | Tamiami | Jupiter
10,000–50,000 Aventura | Belle Glade | Boca Del Mar | Brownsville | Coconut Creek | Cooper City | Coral Gables | Coral Terrace | Country Club | Country Walk | Dania Beach | Doral | Gladeview | Glenvar Heights | Greenacres | Hallandale Beach | Hamptons at Boca Raton | Homestead | Ives Estates | Kendall West | Key Biscayne | Kings Point | Lake Worth | Lake Worth Corridor | Lauderdale Lakes | Leisure City | Lighthouse Point | Miami Lakes | Miami Springs | North Lauderdale | North Palm Beach | Oakland Park |Olympia Heights | Opa-Locka | Ojus | Palm Beach Gardens | Palmetto Bay | Palm Springs |Palmetto Estates | Parkland | Pinecrest | Pinewood | Princeton | Richmond West | Riviera Beach | Royal Palm Beach | Sandalfoot Cove | South Miami | South Miami Heights | Sunny Isles Beach | Sunset | Sweetwater | The Crossings | The Hammocks | University Park | Vero Beach | West Little River | Westchester | West Park, Florida | Westwood Lakes | Wilton Manors
Sports Florida Marlins (baseball) | Miami Heat (basketball) | Miami Dolphins (football) | Florida Panthers (ice hockey)
Airports Miami International Airport (Miami-Dade) | Kendall-Tamiami Executive Airport (Miami-Dade) | Opa-locka Airport (Miami-Dade) | Homestead General Aviation Airport (Miami-Dade) |

Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport (Broward) | Palm Beach International Airport (Palm Beach) | Boca Raton Airport (Palm Beach) | Palm Beach County Park Airport (Palm Beach)

Notes † - County Seat
A list of cities under 10,000 is available here.
v • d • e
Topics

Delegations · Environment · Floridians · Geography · Government · History · State Parks · Transportation · Visitor Attractions

Society

Culture · Crime · Demographics · Economy · Education · Politics

Regions

Big Bend · Central Florida · Emerald Coast · First Coast · Florida Heartland · Florida Keys · Florida Panhandle · Forgotten Coast · Fun Coast · Gold Coast · Nature Coast · North Central Florida · North Florida · South Florida · Southwest Florida · Space Coast · Sun Coast · Tampa Bay Area · Treasure Coast

Metro areas

Miami–Fort Lauderdale–Pompano Beach (Miami-Dade, Broward, Palm Beach)  · Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater (Hernando, Hillsborough, Pasco, Pinellas) · Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford (Lake, Orange, Osceola, Seminole)  · Jacksonville (Duval, Clay, St. Johns, Nassau, Baker)  · North Port–Bradenton–Sarasota (Manatee, Sarasota)  · Cape Coral-Fort Myers (Lee)  · Lakeland-Winter Haven (Polk)  · Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville (Brevard)  · Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach (Volusia)  · Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent (Escambia, Santa Rosa) · Port St. Lucie (St. Lucie, Martin)  · Tallahassee (Gadsden, Jefferson, Leon, Wakulla)  · Ocala (Marion)  · Naples-Marco Island (Collier) · Gainesville (Alachua, Gilchrist) · Fort Walton Beach-Crestview-Destin (Okaloosa) · Panama City-Lynn Haven-Panama City Beach (Bay) · Punta Gorda (Charlotte) · Sebastian-Vero Beach (Indian River)  · Palm Coast (Flagler)

Largest cities

Jacksonville · Miami · Tampa · St. Petersburg · Orlando · Hialeah · Fort Lauderdale · Tallahassee · Cape Coral · Port St. Lucie · Pembroke Pines · Hollywood · Coral Springs · Gainesville · Miramar · Clearwater · Pompano Beach · Palm Bay · West Palm Beach · Miami Gardens · Lakeland · Davie · Sunrise · Boca Raton · Miami Beach

Counties

Alachua · Baker · Bay · Bradford · Brevard · Broward · Calhoun · Charlotte · Citrus · Clay · Collier · Columbia · DeSoto · Dixie · Duval · Escambia · Flagler · Franklin · Gadsden · Gilchrist · Glades · Gulf · Hamilton · Hardee · Hendry · Hernando · Highlands · Hillsborough · Holmes · Indian River · Jackson · Jefferson · Lafayette · Lake · Lee · Leon · Levy · Liberty · Madison · Manatee · Marion · Martin · Miami‑Dade · Monroe · Nassau · Okaloosa · Okeechobee · Orange · Osceola · Palm Beach · Pasco · Pinellas · Polk · Putnam · Santa Rosa · Sarasota · Seminole · St. Johns · St. Lucie · Sumter · Suwannee · Taylor · Union · Volusia · Wakulla · Walton · Washington


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