States and territories of India
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India is a federal union of states[1] comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. The states and territories are further subdivided into districts and so on.[1]
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List of states and territories 
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Union Territories: |
Responsibilities and authorities of the states compared to the national government Edit
The Constitution of India distributes the sovereign powers exercisable with respect to the territory of any State between the Union and that State. "Article 73 broadly stated, provides that the executive power of the Union shall extend to the matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws. Article 162 similarly provides that the executive power of a State shall extend to the matters with respect to which the Legislature of a State has power to make laws. The Supreme Court has reiterated this position when it ruled in Ramanaiah case that the executive power of the Union or of the State broadly speaking, is coextensive and coterminus with its respective legislative power." (italics in original)[2]
History Edit
Pre-1956 Edit
The subcontinent of India has been ruled by many different ethnic groups throughout its history, each imposing their own administrative divisions on the region. Modern India's current administrative divisions are fairly recent developments, which began to develop during British occupation of India. British India included almost all of present-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. During this period, regions of India were either directly ruled by the British or as Princely States ruled by local rajas. Independence in 1947 largely preserved these divisions, with the provinces of Punjab and Bengal being divided between India and Pakistan. One of the first challenges for the new nation was the integration of the multitude of princely states into the union.
Following independence, however, instability soon arose in India. Many of the provinces had been created by the British to serve their colonial purposes and as such did not reflect either the will of India's citizens or the ethnic divisions found throughout the subcontinent. Ethnic tensions spurred the Indian Parliament to reorganize the country along ethnic and linguistic lines in 1956 by means of the States Reorganisation Act.
After 1956 Edit
The former French and Portuguese colonies in India were incorporated into the Republic as the union territories of Pondicherry, Dadra, Nagar Haveli, Goa, Daman, and Diu in 1962.
Several new states and union territories have been created out of existing states since 1956. Bombay State was split into the linguistic states of Gujarat and Maharashtra on 1 May 1960 [3] by the Bombay Reorganization Act. Nagaland was made a state on 1 December 1963.[4]. The Punjab Reorganization Act of 1966 divided the Punjab along linguistic and religious lines, creating a new Hindu and Hindi-speaking state of Haryana on 1 November [5], transferring the northern districts of Punjab to Himachal Pradesh, and designating Chandigarh, the shared capital of Punjab and Haryana, a union territory.
Statehood was conferred upon Himachal Pradesh on 25 January 1971, Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura on 21 January 1972.[6] The Kingdom of Sikkim joined the Indian Union as a state on 26 April 1975.[7] In 1987, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram became states on 20 February, followed by Goa on 30 May, while Goa's northern exclaves of Daman and Diu became a separate union territory.[8]
In 2000 three new states were created; Chhattisgarh (November 1, 2000) was created out of eastern Madhya Pradesh, Uttaranchal (November 9, 2000), since renamed Uttarakhand, was created out of the Hilly regions of northwest Uttar Pradesh, and Jharkhand (15 November 2000) was created out of the southern districts of Bihar. The Union Territories of Delhi and Pondicherry (renamed to Puducherry) have since been given the right to elect their own legislatures and they are now counted as small states
Late 2009 Edit
Ahead of the 2009 General Elections in India all the major parties in Andhra Pradesh supported Telangana statehood.
On Dec 9th 2009, 11:30 PM, Mr. P. Chidambaram, Union Minister of Home Affairs, on behalf of the Government of India announced that a resolution in the Andhra Pradesh assembly for the creation of a separate Telangana state will be passed. Mr. Chidambaram also informed that process for the formation of a separate Telangana state will be initiated.
As a result of this unilateral decision made by the Government of India, Several members of Andhra Pradesh's legislature submitted their resignations to protest the creation of the new state.[9] As of 11 December, at least 117 legislators and many Members of Parliament had resigned in protest of the Government's decision to carve out a new state of Telangana.[10] Most of this Legislators/MPs' resigned belong to Andhra/Rayalaseema region.
Due to unexpected turn of events, after the parties which promised support to the Telangana state formation on December 7, 2009 in a unanimous all-party meeting at the State level, presided by CM, Rosaiah, and later the party members of these parties made a U-turn on their support following the December 9th statement by the Home Minister Chidambaram, in support of Telangana state process initiation, the Centre gave another statement on December 23rd to take consultations from all groups, political and non-political before moving forward.
This December 23rd statement created a new wave of agitations in the Telangana region and the movement kept on taking more momentum.
See alsoEdit
- Subdivisions of India
- List of states and union territories of India by population
- Aspirant states of India
- Autonomous regions of India
- ISO 3166-2:IN
ReferencesEdit
- ^ a b "States and union territories". http://www.india.gov.in/knowindia/state_uts.php. Retrieved 2007-09-07.
- ^ Territoriality of executive powers of states in India, Balwant Singh Malik, Constitutional Law, 1998.
- ^ J.C. Aggarwal and S.P. Agrawal, editors, Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future (New Delhi: Concept Publishing, 1995), p89-90
- ^ Ibid. at 91
- ^ Ibid. at 89
- ^ Ibid. at 89-90, 92
- ^ Ibid. at 92
- ^ Ibid. at 89, 91
- ^ Press Trust of India (December 10, 2009). "60 AP MLAs submit resignation to protest Telangana creation". Business Standard. http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/60-ap-mlas-submit-resignation-to-protest-telangana-creation/80453/on. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
- ^ "Telangana: Shutdown in Andhra Pradesh, 117 legislators quit". Times of India. December 11, 2009. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Telangana-Shutdown-in-Andhra-Pradesh-117-legislators-quit/articleshow/5325650.cms. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
External links Edit
- Official Government of India website: States and Union Territories
- Clickable map of India and History of States
- Article on sub-national governance in India
- Interactive Map of India
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