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Vermilion County, Illinois
—  County  —
[[File:
Vermilion County Courthouse
|250px|none|alt=|Vermilion County Courthouse]]Vermilion County Courthouse
Vermilion County Illinois seal
Seal
Map of Illinois highlighting Vermilion County
Location within Illinois
Map of USA IL
Illinois' location within the United States
Country United States
State Illinois
Region Central Illinois
Metro area Danville Metropolitan
Incorporated Jan 18, 1826
Named for Vermilion river
County seat and largest city Danville
Area
 • Total 901.28 sq mi (2,334.3 km2)
 • Land 898.37 sq mi (2,326.8 km2)
 • Water 2.91 sq mi (7.5 km2)
Area rank 7th largest county in Illinois
Population (2020)
 • Total 74,188
 • Density 82/sq mi (32/km2)
Time zone Central (UTC−6)
 • Summer (DST) Central (UTC−5)
ZIP Code prefixes 60932, 60942, 60960, 60963, 61810, 61811, 61812, 61814, 61817, 61831, 61832, 61833, 61834, 61841, 61844, 61846, 61848, 61849, 61850, 61857, 61858, 61859, 61862, 61865, 61870, 61876, 61883
Area codes 217/447
Website www.vercounty.org

Vermilion County is a county in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Illinois, between the Indiana border and Champaign County. It was established in 1826 and was the 45th of Illinois' 102 counties. According to the 2020 United States Census, it had a population of 74,188.[1] It contains 21 incorporated settlements; the county seat and largest city is Danville.[2]

Vermilion County is part of the Danville, Illinois, Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History[]

Vermilion County is named after the Vermilion River, which passes through the county and empties into the Wabash River in Indiana near Cayuga; the river was so named because of the color of the earth along its route.[3][4]

The area which became Vermilion County was under the flag of France from 1682 to 1763, as part of New France. It was taken over by Great Britain for fifteen years after the French and Indian War; it then became part of the colonies after the Revolutionary War when the area was ceded to Virginia, titled "the Illinois County of Virginia". Later it was part of the Indiana Territory, then the Illinois Territory, and finally the state of Illinois.[5] The county was created on 18 January 1826, from a portion of Edgar County. There was an unorganized territory to the north and west which was attached to the county; Champaign and Iroquois counties were formed from part of this territory in 1833. The remainder was used to create Ford County in 1859, the last Illinois county to be formed.

The county's saline springs were a strong attraction to early explorers; they were mentioned as early as 1801. Joseph Barron, an interpreter fluent in several Native American languages, stated in an affidavit that he was present at the "Vermilion Salines" that year. The production required 100 gallons of water for one bushel of salt and proved to be profitable from the first run (1822–1829), when salt became less expensive and the venture was no longer economical.[6]

The area's first settlement was made in 1819 near these saline springs, by the Treat, Beckwith, and Whitcomb. James Butler, from Ohio, followed in 1820 and settled in the Catlin area; within a few years, the settlement grew to encompass several families and became known as "Butler's Point". In the southern part of the county, Henry Johnson built a cabin west of present-day Georgetown; this area was known as "Johnson's Point". The southern portion of the county was soon filled with small settlements. Most settlers in Vermilion County came from the American South, who had left because of their opposition to slavery.[7]

Some of the early settlers were of the Religious Society of Friends, or Quakers. They founded the settlement of Vermilion Grove in the south part of the county, one of the county's first settlements and the site of the county's second public school.

The county has strong ties to Abraham Lincoln, who practiced law in Danville from 1841 to 1859 with Ward Hill Lamon; Lamon later served as Lincoln's bodyguard. Lincoln spoke in Danville during his 1858 campaign for a seat in the US Senate. Lincoln gave the speech in his stocking feet from the balcony of Dr. William Fithian, a prominent local physician. The Fithian home is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places and serves as the Vermilion County Museum;[8] visitors can see Lincoln memorabilia including a bed in which Lincoln slept.[9]

The various stages in the evolution of Vermilion County are shown below.[10]

Geography[]

Map of Vermilion County, Illinois

Map of Vermilion County

Vermilion County is located along the eastern border of Illinois; its northern border is about 95 miles (153 km) south of Chicago.

Vermilion County in Illinois and Vermillion County in Indiana are two of twenty-two counties or parishes in the United States with the same name to border each other across state lines.[11] According to the 2010 census, the county has a total area of 901.28 square miles (2,334.3 km2), of which 898.37 square miles (2,326.8 km2) (or 99.68%) is land and 2.91 square miles (7.5 km2) (or 0.32%) is water.[12] The land in Vermilion County consists mostly of various forms of silt loam.[13] Lake Vermilion, a man-made 1,000-acre (400 ha) reservoir, is the county's largest body of water, located northwest of Danville. It provides the city's culinary water, and also provides recreation opportunities.

Adjacent counties[]

Cities[]

Villages[]

  • Allerton – at SW corner of county; extends into Champaign County
  • Alvin – north of Danville
  • Belgium – on Route 1
  • Bismarck – north of Danville
  • Catlin – southwest of Danville
  • Fairmount – southwest of Danville
  • Fithian – west of Danville on US 150
  • Henning – north of Danville on US 136
  • Indianola – southwest of Danville
  • Muncie – west of Danville on US 150
  • Oakwood – west of Danville on US 150
  • Potomac – on US 136 north of Danville
  • Rankin – at NW corner of county
  • Ridge Farm
  • Rossville – on Route 1, south of Hoopeston
  • Sidell – east of Allerton
  • Tilton
  • Westville

Unincorporated communities[]

  • Armstrong
  • Batestown
  • Cheneyville
  • Collison
  • East Lynn
  • Hartshorn
  • Hegeler
  • Hillery
  • Hope
  • Illiana
  • Jamaica
  • Jamesburg
  • Midway
  • Newtown
  • Olivet
  • Ryan
  • Unionville

Previous settlements[]

Several towns were established in the county which no longer survive. In some cases, the coming of the railroads helped to define the best locations for settlements, and as a result some existing towns were abandoned. When Lake Vermilion was created, the town of Denmark was flooded and now lies at the bottom of the reservoir.

  • Archie (south of Sidell)[15]
  • Blue Grass City[15]
  • Butler's Point (see Catlin)
  • Conkeytown
  • Denmark
  • Ellis[15] (Middlefork Township)
  • Franklin (see Bismarck)
  • Geneva
  • Gilbert (see Alvin)
  • Humrick
  • Johnsonville (Blount Township)
  • Munroe
  • Myersville (see Bismarck)
  • Pellsville (see Rankin)
  • Prospect City[15]
  • Reilly (Butler Township)
  • Shepherd's Town
  • Watkins Grove (or Watkins Glen)
  • Weaver City (see Ambia, Indiana)

Townships[]

Township government was adopted in Vermilion County in 1851, and eight townships were created:

  • Carroll
  • Danville
  • Elwood
  • Georgetown
  • Middlefork
  • Newell (first called Richland)
  • Pilot
  • Ross

Eleven additional townships were created in the following decades:

  • Blount
  • Butler
  • Catlin
  • Grant
  • Jamaica
  • Love
  • McKendree
  • Oakwood
  • Sidell
  • South Ross
  • Vance[16]

Parks[]

The Vermilion County Conservation District operates four parks:

  • Forest Glen Preserve
  • Heron County Park
  • Kennekuk Cove County Park
  • Lake Vermilion County Park[17]

The Illinois Department of Natural Resources manages three areas in the county:

  • Kickapoo State Recreation Area
  • Harry "Babe" Woodyard State Natural Area
  • Middle Fork State Fish and Wildlife Area[18]

Climate and weather[]

Climate chart for Danville, Illinois
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
2.05
 
34
17
 
 
1.99
 
40
22
 
 
3.17
 
52
32
 
 
3.86
 
65
41
 
 
4.47
 
75
51
 
 
4.70
 
84
60
 
 
4.39
 
86
64
 
 
3.94
 
84
63
 
 
3.03
 
78
55
 
 
3.04
 
67
43
 
 
3.53
 
52
34
 
 
2.79
 
39
23
temperatures in °Cprecipitation totals in mm
source: The Weather Channel[19]

Vermilion County is in the humid continental climate region of the United States along with most of Illinois. Its Köppen climate classification is Dfa,[20] meaning that it is cold, has no dry season, and has a hot summer.[21] In recent years, average temperatures in Danville have ranged from a low of 17 °F (−8 °C) in January to a high of 86 °F (30 °C) in July, although a record low of −26 °F (−32.2 °C) was recorded in January 1994 and a record high of 112 °F (44 °C) was recorded in July 1936. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 1.99 inches (51 mm) inches in February to 4.70 inches (119 mm) inches in June.[19]

Transportation[]

  • Interstate 74 enters Vermilion County from the west on its way from Champaign–Urbana, and passes just to the north of the towns of Fithian, Muncie and Oakwood before passing through the south edge of the Kickapoo State Park, the north edge of Tilton and the south edge of Danville. Continuing east, it leaves the county and the state on its way to Indianapolis.[22]
  • US Route 136, which runs across five states, passes into Vermilion County from the west on its way from Rantoul. It passes east through the towns of Armstrong, Potomac and Henning; it reaches Illinois Route 1 south of Rossville and then shares that highway's route as it passes south through Danville. At the south edge of Danville it reaches Main Street and resumes its eastward heading, leaving the east edge of Danville and passing out of the county and state on its way to Covington, Indiana.[23]
  • US Route 150 enters the county from Champaign–Urbana to the west, running just to the south of Interstate 74 and passing through the towns of Fithian, Muncie and Oakwood. Just west of Danville it crosses to the north side of Interstate 74 as that highway veers to the southeast. In downtown Danville, it meets Illinois Route 1 and U.S. Route 136, and follows Route 1 to the south and continues through the towns of Belgium, Westville, Georgetown and Ridge Farm before entering Edgar County further to the south.[24]
  • Illinois Route 1 runs from the north to the south through the county, passing through Hoopeston, Rossville, Danville, Belgium, Westville, Georgetown and Ridge Farm.[25]
  • Illinois Route 9 runs from west to east near the north edge of the county and passes through Rankin and Hoopeston; upon reaching the Indiana border
  • Indiana State Road 26 continues its route to the east toward Lafayette, Indiana.[26]
  • Illinois Route 49 is a north–south highway near the western edge of the county. It passes south through Rankin where it intersects Route 9; further south it passes near Armstrong where U.S. Route 136 briefly shares its route. Crossing Interstate 74, it shares the route of U.S. Route 150, running west for about 2 miles (3.2 km) and leaving the county before continuing south in Champaign County.[27]
  • Illinois Route 119 is a short 8-mile (13 km) east–west road that connects the intersection of Illinois Route 1 and U.S. Route 136 with Indiana State Road 28 at the state line.[28]

Four railroad lines pass through or into the county, all intersecting in the Danville area; this results in many different railroad crossings throughout the city:

  • Norfolk Southern Railway line – enters the county from Decatur to the southwest and passes through Danville on its way to Lafayette, Indiana to the northeast
  • CSX Transportation line - north-south through the county, connecting Chicago and Terre Haute, Indiana via Paris
  • Kankakee, Beaverville and Southern Railroad line – north–south line through the county, to the east of the CSX line, a few miles from the state border, beginning in northern Iroquois County and running south through Danville, then veering east.[29]
  • Vermilion Valley Railroad line – a 6-mile (9.7 km) line that connects the Flex-N-Gate factory west of Covington, Indiana with CSX in Danville.[30]

The Vermilion Regional Airport is located northeast of Danville.

Economy[]

For 2014, Vermilion County had a workforce of 35,643 people; 32,584 were employed and 3,059 (8.6%) were unemployed.[31]

Education[]

There are 12 school districts in the county that provide primary and secondary education.[32] There are two post-secondary educational institutions: Danville Area Community College, a public two-year community college, and Lakeview College of Nursing, a four-year private institution (both located in Danville).

Government[]

Based on the 2000 census, Vermilion County is part of the Illinois' 15th congressional district;[33] the Illinois Senate districts 52 and 53; and the Illinois House of Representatives districts 104 and 105.[34]

Each township has a supervisor. The township board consists of the supervisor and four members elected at large from the township.[35]

The Vermilion County Board is controlled by Republicans. Larry Baughn (R) of Hoopeston serves as chairman. The Vermilion County Circuit Court is led by Judge Thomas O’Shaugnessy.

Politics[]

United States presidential election results for Vermilion County, Illinois[36]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 20,725 65.50% 10,323 32.62% 594 1.88%
2016 19,087 61.93% 10,039 32.58% 1,692 5.49%
2012 16,892 55.57% 12,878 42.36% 630 2.07%
2008 16,054 48.62% 16,246 49.21% 716 2.17%
2004 18,731 55.56% 14,726 43.68% 257 0.76%
2000 15,783 49.17% 15,406 47.99% 911 2.84%
1996 12,015 38.35% 15,525 49.55% 3,789 12.09%
1992 11,703 30.43% 18,383 47.80% 8,375 21.78%
1988 16,943 48.32% 17,918 51.10% 206 0.59%
1984 22,932 57.89% 16,530 41.73% 149 0.38%
1980 22,579 57.07% 14,498 36.64% 2,490 6.29%
1976 19,751 51.24% 18,438 47.83% 357 0.93%
1972 24,863 63.06% 14,413 36.56% 149 0.38%
1968 21,391 49.26% 16,238 37.39% 5,795 13.35%
1964 19,506 44.06% 24,765 55.94% 0 0.00%
1960 26,571 57.34% 19,702 42.51% 69 0.15%
1956 26,534 59.51% 17,991 40.35% 60 0.13%
1952 25,367 57.36% 18,771 42.44% 88 0.20%
1948 18,994 53.29% 16,173 45.37% 479 1.34%
1944 20,794 52.70% 18,387 46.60% 273 0.69%
1940 23,059 49.87% 22,891 49.50% 292 0.63%
1936 18,350 41.56% 25,016 56.65% 790 1.79%
1932 15,643 38.46% 24,032 59.08% 1,002 2.46%
1928 21,616 62.26% 12,728 36.66% 373 1.07%
1924 17,822 54.64% 6,424 19.70% 8,369 25.66%
1920 18,175 61.74% 8,634 29.33% 2,630 8.93%
1916 16,330 50.25% 13,864 42.66% 2,302 7.08%
1912 5,655 32.25% 5,576 31.80% 6,302 35.94%
1908 11,726 60.62% 6,320 32.67% 1,298 6.71%
1904 11,179 66.65% 3,620 21.58% 1,973 11.76%
1900 9,852 59.10% 6,147 36.87% 672 4.03%
1896 8,767 59.14% 5,749 38.78% 309 2.08%
1892 6,892 55.44% 5,001 40.23% 539 4.34%



Demographics[]

Historical populations
Census Pop.
1830 5,836
1840 9,303 59.4%
1850 11,492 23.5%
1860 19,800 72.3%
1870 30,388 53.5%
1880 41,588 36.9%
1890 49,905 20.0%
1900 65,635 31.5%
1910 77,996 18.8%
1920 86,162 10.5%
1930 89,339 3.7%
1940 86,791 −2.9%
1950 87,079 0.3%
1960 96,176 10.4%
1970 97,047 0.9%
1980 95,222 −1.9%
1990 88,257 −7.3%
2000 83,919 −4.9%
2010 81,625 −2.7%
US Decennial Census[37]

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 81,625 people, 32,655 households, and 21,392 families residing in the county.[38] The population density was 90.9 inhabitants per square mile (35.1 /km2). There were 36,318 housing units at an average density of 40.4 per square mile (15.6 /km2).[39] The racial makeup of the county was 82.5% white, 13.0% black or African American, 0.7% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 1.5% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 4.2% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 21.2% self-identified as American, 18.9% as German, 10.1% as Irish, and 9.1% as English.[40]

Of the 32,655 households, 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.7% were married couples living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 34.5% were non-families, and 29.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.96. The median age was 39.8 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $39,456 and the median income for a family was $49,429. Males had a median income of $40,107 versus $30,104 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,218. About 14.6% of families and 18.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.0% of those under age 18 and 9.1% of those age 65 or over.[41]

See also[]

  • Danville Area Community College
  • Danville High School
  • National Register of Historic Places listings in Vermilion County, Illinois
  • Vermilion Regional Airport

References[]

  1. ^ "Vermilion County QuickFacts". US Census Bureau. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/17/17183.html. 
  2. ^ "Find a County – Vermilion County IL". National Association of Counties. http://www.uscounties.org/cffiles_web/counties/county.cfm?id=17183. 
  3. ^ Callary, Edward (2009). Place Names of Illinois. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. p. 358. ISBN 978-0-252-03356-8. 
  4. ^ Jones 1911, p. 25.
  5. ^ Jones 1911, pp. 32–35.
  6. ^ Jones 1911, pp. 40–48.
  7. ^ Jones 1911, pp. 57–62.
  8. ^ "Vermilion County Museum". Vermilion County Museum. http://www.vermilioncountymuseum.org/. 
  9. ^ "Vermilion County Village Profile". Community Profile Network. http://www.villageprofile.com/illinois/danville/03his/topic.html. 
  10. ^ "Origin and Evolution of Illinois Counties" (PDF). State of Illinois. March 2010. http://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/publications/pdf_publications/ipub15.pdf. 
  11. ^ Circle, Twelve Mile (2010-05-16). "Adjacent Counties, Same Name, Different States" (in en-US). https://www.howderfamily.com/blog/adjacent-county-same-name-different-state/. 
  12. ^ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". US Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTPH1.CY10/0500000US17183. 
  13. ^ United States Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Conservation Service. "Acreage and Proportionate Extent of Soils: Vermilion County IL". http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/Report.aspx?Survey=IL183&UseState=IL. 
  14. ^ Illinois law allows settlements to incorporate as either cities or villages; when incorporated, cities must have a population of at least 2,500, and villages must have a population of at least 500. "Illinois Municipal Code: Municipalities". http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs4.asp?DocName=006500050HArt.+2&ActID=802&ChapterID=14&SeqStart=9100000&SeqEnd=14800000. 
  15. ^ a b c d Stapp 1968, pp. 21, 38–39, 45.
  16. ^ "Townships by County – Vermilion". Township Officials of Illinois. https://www.toi.org/townshipsbycounty#vermilion. 
  17. ^ "The Vermilion County Conservation District". http://www.vccd.org/. 
  18. ^ "Illinois State Parks and other Natural Areas — East–Central Region". Illinois Department of Natural Resources. http://dnr.state.il.us/Lands/Landmgt/PARKS/R3/region3.htm. 
  19. ^ a b "Monthly Averages for Danville IL". The Weather Channel. http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USIL0295. 
  20. ^ "Addition Climate Subdivisions". National Weather Service. http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/global/climate_max.htm. 
  21. ^ Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification" (PDF). Copernicus Publications. p. 1636. http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf. 
  22. ^ "Interstate 74". Highway Explorer. http://www.highwayexplorer.com/il_EndsPage.php?id=3074&section=1. 
  23. ^ "US Route 136". Highway Explorer. http://www.highwayexplorer.com/il_EndsPage.php?id=2136&section=1. 
  24. ^ "US Route 150". Highway Explorer. http://www.highwayexplorer.com/il_EndsPage.php?id=2150&section=1. 
  25. ^ "Illinois Route 1". Highway Explorer. http://highwayexplorer.com/il_EndsPage.php?id=1001&section=1. 
  26. ^ "Illinois Route 9". Highway Explorer. http://highwayexplorer.com/il_EndsPage.php?id=1009&section=1. 
  27. ^ "Illinois Route 49". Highway Explorer. http://highwayexplorer.com/il_EndsPage.php?id=1049&section=1. 
  28. ^ "Illinois Route 119". Highway Explorer. http://highwayexplorer.com/il_EndsPage.php?id=1119&section=1. 
  29. ^ "Illinois Railroad Map" (PDF). Illinois Department of Transportation. January 2006. http://www.dot.state.il.us/officialrailmap.pdf. 
  30. ^ Railroad Retirement Board (30 June 2003). "Employer Status Determination: Vermilion Valley Railroad Company, Inc.". http://www.rrb.gov/blaw/bcd/bcd03-61.htm. 
  31. ^ "Local Area Unemployment Statistics" (PDF). Illinois Department of Employment Security. p. 25. http://www.ides.illinois.gov/LMI/Local%20Area%20Unemployment%20Statistics%20LAUS/historical/2014-moaa.PDF. 
  32. ^ "Vermilion County Regional Office of Education – Schools". http://www.roe54.k12.il.us/about/reports/. 
  33. ^ "Illinois Congressional Districts". IllinoisAtlas.com. http://www.illinoisatlas.com/illinois/political/html/il_cd2002.htm. 
  34. ^ "Illinois Legislative Districts". IllinoisAtlas.com. http://www.illinoisatlas.com/illinois/political/html/il_legdist_state.htm. 
  35. ^ "2005 Illinois 60 ILCS 1/ Township Code". Justia.com. http://law.justia.com/illinois/codes/2005/chapter13/770.html. 
  36. ^ Leip, David. "Atlas of US Presidential Elections". http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS. 
  37. ^ "US Decennial Census". Census.gov. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html. 
  38. ^ "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". US Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/0500000US17183. 
  39. ^ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". US Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTPH1.CY10/0500000US17183. 
  40. ^ "Selected Social Characteristics in the United States – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". US Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US17183. 
  41. ^ "Selected Economic Characteristics – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". US Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0500000US17183. 

Bibliography[]

External links[]

Coordinates: 40°11′N 87°44′W / 40.18, -87.74

This page uses content from the English language Wikipedia. The original content was at Vermilion County, Illinois. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with this Familypedia wiki, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons License.
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